Part B · Respiration and measurement Exchange and transport in animals mind map

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Part B · Respiration and measurement Exchange and transport in animals mind map

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Respiration

Energy transfer: Continuous exothermic reactions support cell activities
Aerobic equation: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
Location: Most aerobic reactions: mitochondria; first stage: cytoplasm
Anaerobic muscle: Glucose → lactate; cytoplasm; less energy per glucose
Recovery: Oxygen debt; lactate processed, not breathed out
Yeast: Anaerobic: glucose → ethanol + CO₂

Respirometer

Measure: O₂ consumption estimates respiration rate
Absorb CO₂: Soda lime separated from organisms by cotton wool
Marker movement: Sealed tube: pressure falls; liquid moves towards chamber
Control: Stabilise temperature; same organism mass / time; inert control
Compare: Repeat, mean; enzymes explain safe temperature-range trend
Care: Airtight seals; eye protection; protect organisms and handle safely

Measurement

Rate: Distance ÷ time; volume = capillary area × distance
Example: 0.20 mm² × 15 mm ÷ 3 min = 1 mm³/min
Mass correction: Divide volume rate by mass for rate per gram
Units: Displacement, volume / time and volume / time / g differ
Yeast comparison: Anaerobic CO₂ output differs from O₂ consumption
Evidence: Repeat means, assess anomalies, change one variable

Connections

Respiration → Respirometer: Aerobic respiration consumes the oxygen measured.
Respirometer → Measurement: With CO₂ absorbed, marker movement estimates O₂ uptake.