CP10 · Overview Magnetism and the motor effect mind map

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Magnets / fields

Magnet types: Permanent / induced; N and S poles; like repel, unlike attract
Materials: Steel retains; soft iron switches readily; not every metal magnetic
Field arrows: North test pole direction; outside bar N → S; loops never cross
Strength: Closer lines stronger; uniform lines parallel / equally spaced
Map field: Compass gives direction; filings only pattern
Earth: Compass aligns; geographic north has south-like magnetic character

Current fields

Wire: Current gives circular field; larger I stronger, distance weaker
Right-hand grip: Thumb: conventional I; fingers: field; dot out / cross in
Direction: Out-of-page current → anticlockwise field; inward → clockwise
Solenoid: Coil: near-uniform interior field; bar-like outside
Strength / care: Increase I / turns per length / iron core; avoid overheating

Motor · Higher

Interaction: Current in external field experiences force; paired force on magnet
Orientation: Greatest when perpendicular; zero when parallel; reversal rules
Fleming left hand: Thumb force; first finger field; second conventional current
Example / rule: Field right + I out of page → force up; grip rule is different

Force · Higher

Equation: F = BIl for wire perpendicular to uniform field
Units / length: N, T, A, m; only wire length inside field
Example: 0.5 T × 2 A × 0.1 m = 0.1 N
Rearrange: B = F/(Il); magnetic flux density measured in tesla

Connections

Current fields → Motor · Higher: Interaction with an external field produces the motor force.
Motor · Higher → Force · Higher: Perpendicular orientation gives F = BIl.