CP13 Forces and matter mind map

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CP13 Forces and matter mind map

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Deformation

Applied forces: Stretch / compress / bend needs interacting forces
Elastic / inelastic: Returns when unloaded / leaves permanent deformation
Extension: Stretched length − original length; not total length
Two limits: Proportionality ends linear behaviour; elastic limit ends recovery

Hooke / graphs

Linear spring: F = kx; N, m, N/m; larger k → stiffer
Rearrange: k = F/x; 4 N ÷ 0.02 m = 200 N/m
Load / restoring force: Opposes deformation; hanging equilibrium F = mg
Gradient: Force vertical, extension horizontal → slope k
Non-linear: Curve need not mean permanent deformation; check unloading
Axes / origin: Reversed axes slope 1/k; proportional line passes origin

Elastic energy

Store: Work transfers energy to elastic potential store
Equation: Linear range E = ½kx²; doubling x quadruples E
Example: ½ × 200 × 0.02² = 0.04 J
Area: F–x area = work; triangle ½Fx, not final F × x
Limits: Curved graph: use area; energy may dissipate

Core practical

Setup: Secure spring, vertical ruler / pointer; measure unloaded length
Read: Add masses; settle; eye-level length; F = mg; subtract original
Controls / unload: Same spring / ruler; unload to test recovery; avoid damage
Analysis: Repeat; best-fit linear slope gives k; area gives work in J
Safety: Secure stand, falling masses, eye protection; avoid overstretching

Connections

Hooke / graphs → Elastic energy: Force–extension area gives work stored in a linear spring.
Deformation → Core practical: Unloading distinguishes elastic from permanent deformation.