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Defence 1
Anticipate misuse: Design for unexpected input and actions
Authentication: Check the claimed identity
Validation: Check whether data meet specified rules
Range length and presence: Different checks address different constraints
Defence 2
Type and format: Check representation before using a value
Validation loops: Reprompt until a permitted value is obtained
Maintainable code: Names indentation comments and modules support change
Testing 1
Purpose of testing: Find defects and compare behaviour with requirements
Iterative and final testing: Check parts throughout development then the whole
Normal data: Typical acceptable values test ordinary operation
Boundary data: Test the edges of permitted ranges
Connections
Defence 1 → Defence 2: Validation rules need checks and a route to correct rejected input.
