Back to revision notes Open full-size SVG Print mind map G2 Tectonic hazards mind map Use your browser’s Print command for A4 landscape, or choose A3 in its paper settings. The SVG remains sharp when enlarged. A text version follows the map.
Read the mind map as text Plate margins Earth / movement: Rigid lithosphere over slowly flowing mantle; slab pull/ridge pushEarthquakes: Fault slip releases waves; focus inside, epicentre aboveConstructive: Apart → rising mantle/magma → new crust; IcelandDestructive: Denser oceanic plate subducts; water aids melting; AndesCollision: Continents compress → mountains/earthquakes; HimalayasConservative: Slide past → locked fault slips; no new crust; San AndreasImpacts / responses Primary: Shaking, lava or ash directly damage people and infrastructureSecondary: Broken services, fires, landslides or tsunami can delay helpResponse: Rescue/shelter now; rebuild services and preparedness laterCompare: Wealth, vulnerability, exposure, depth and timing all matterLiving with hazards Why stay?: Fertile soils, geothermal energy, jobs, family and moving costsMonitoring: Volcano: gas, swelling, heat and small quakes; forecasts uncertainPrediction: Earthquake probabilities, not reliable exact-time warningsProtection: Resistant buildings need sound design and maintenancePlanning: Maps, drills, routes and supplies; tsunami warnings need actionJapan / Nepal Japan 2011: M9.1 offshore subduction quake; tsunami; over 15,000 deathsJapan recovery: Warnings, evacuation and rescue; rebuild and review coastal protectionNepal 2015: M7.8 collision quake; collapse and landslides; nearly 9,000 deathsNepal recovery: Difficult access delayed aid; grants and safer-building supportExplain contrast: Japan tsunami losses show wealth alone does not determine outcomesConnections Plate margins → Impacts / responses: Movement explains hazards and direct effects Living with hazards → Japan / Nepal: Preparedness and access affect recovery 