Part C · Evolutionary evidence and agriculture Natural selection and genetic modification mind map

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Part C · Evolutionary evidence and agriculture Natural selection and genetic modification mind map

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Evolutionary theory

Darwin / Wallace: Independent natural-selection ideas presented together in 1858
Changing ideas: Long-term natural change; genetics later explained inheritance
Homology: Pentadactyl limbs: shared bone plan supports common ancestry

Culture / GM

Tissue culture: Sterile medium + hormones → shoots / roots → clones
Uses / limits: Rare / disease-free plants; facilities needed; low diversity risky
Animal cells: Screen treatments; isolated cells do not reproduce a whole body
Bt crops: Introduced gene → protein toxic to certain insect pests
Evaluate GM: Yield / nutrition; gene escape, resistance, cost, other species

Crop management

NPK: N: amino acids; P: DNA / energy transfer; K: enzyme activity
Run-off: Algal growth → light loss → decay / respiration → oxygen loss
Biological control: Natural enemy controls pest; slow / non-target risks
Integrated control: Monitor / combine targeted methods; yield, cost, sustainability

Connections

Evolutionary theory → Culture / GM: Genetics connects inherited variation with crop improvement.
Culture / GM → Crop management: Crop protection choices balance yield with environmental effects.