Part A · Health, risk and infection Health, disease and the development of medicines mind map

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Part A · Health, risk and infection Health, disease and the development of medicines mind map

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Health and risk

Health: Physical, mental and social; diseases may be infectious or not
Evidence: Correlation ≠ cause; compare rates and confounding factors
Nutrition: Deficiency / excess harm; energy surplus raises obesity risk
BMI: Mass (kg) ÷ height (m)²; 72 ÷ 1.8² ≈ 22.2
Waist : hip: Same-unit circumferences; 80 ÷ 100 = 0.80; not a diagnosis
Lifestyle: Alcohol: cirrhosis; smoking: vessel / oxygen harms; wider impacts

Heart disease

Coronary arteries: Fatty deposits narrow vessels supplying heart muscle
Heart attack: Less oxygen; a clot may block blood supply
Risk reduction: Lifestyle changes and statins; effects take time
Procedures: Stent holds artery open; bypass provides another route
Trade-offs: Risks remain; compare efficacy, side effects, recovery and cost

Infection

Pathogens: Bacteria may release toxins; viruses reproduce inside cells
Cholera / TB: Bacteria: contaminated water / airborne; sanitation / ventilation
Fungi: Ash dieback: spores; athlete’s foot: skin; limit infected material
Malaria: Plasmodium protist; mosquito vector; nets / breeding control
STIs: Chlamydia: bacterium; HIV: virus, weakens immunity
Prevention: Condoms reduce STI spread; screening detects silent infection

Connections

Health and risk → Heart disease: Smoking and lifestyle can affect cardiovascular risk.
Health and risk → Infection: Pathogens cause communicable diseases.