Back to revision notes Open full-size SVG Print mind map Part B · Defence and medicines Health, disease and the development of medicines mind map Use your browser’s Print command for A4 landscape, or choose A3 in its paper settings. The SVG remains sharp when enlarged. A text version follows the map.
Read the mind map as text Defence and immunity Barriers: Skin; mucus / cilia; tear lysozyme; stomach acidRecognition: Antigens trigger matching lymphocytes and antibodiesPhagocytes: Engulf and digest pathogensMemory: Primary delay; memory → faster, larger matching secondary responseVaccination: Safe antigen stimulates antibodies and memory, not the diseaseProtection: Varies with vaccine and person; boosters may be neededAntibiotics Bacterial targets: Kill / inhibit bacteria; do not treat virusesResistance: Resistant survivors reproduce after susceptible bacteria dieResponsible use: Appropriate prescribing; symptom relief ≠ pathogen removalMedicine trials Discovery: Candidate drug → formulation → mechanism investigationPreclinical: Cells, tissues and suitable organisms; assess toxicityClinical: Early safety / dose; larger patient trials assess efficacyComparison: Random allocation; placebo or active comparator; double blindEthics: Consent and monitoring; essential treatment must be protectedEvidence: Efficacy, safety, dose; post-approval monitoring for rare effectsConnections Defence and immunity → Antibiotics: Immune responses and appropriate medicines combat infection. Antibiotics → Medicine trials: Treatments require evidence of safety and efficacy. 