Back to revision notes Open full-size SVG Print mind map Part C · Viruses, cultures and targeted antibodies Health, disease and the development of medicines mind map Use your browser’s Print command for A4 landscape, or choose A3 in its paper settings. The SVG remains sharp when enlarged. A text version follows the map.
Read the mind map as text Viruses / plants Lytic: Host machinery copies / assembles viruses; cell burstsLysogenic: Viral DNA persists in host genome; may later become lyticPlant barriers: Walls / cuticle; antimicrobials and anti-herbivore chemicalsMedicines: Plant compounds can be useful; natural does not mean safeDiagnosis · Higher: Symptoms / tests; exclude nutrient, water or temperature damageCultures Aseptic: Sterile tools / media; disinfect bench; approved organismsAutoclave / loop: Steam under pressure; sterilise loop then cool before useDiscs: Bacterial lawn; equal doses / conditions; solvent-only controlIncubate: School cultures ≈25 °C; partial taping; do not reopenZone area: πr²; r = diameter ÷ 2; diffusion affects zone sizeFair analysis: Subtract disc area if asked; repeat / mean; explain anomaliesImmunity / antibodies Herd immunity: High immune proportion limits spread; effectiveness / uptake matterFusion · Higher: Lymphocyte + dividing tumour cell → hybridomaClone · Higher: Select / clone desired hybridoma → one antibody specificityTest · Higher: Pregnancy test binds hCG; control line checks operationTarget · Higher: Label / drug / radioisotope can target cells or clotsLimits · Higher: Side effects / immune reactions / cost; effectiveness variesConnections Viruses / plants → Cultures: Culturing investigates inhibition without assuming clinical effectiveness. Cultures → Immunity / antibodies: Controlled tests and specificity both matter when evaluating treatments. 