Part C · Temperature and water balance Animal coordination, control and homeostasis mind map

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Part C · Temperature and water balance Animal coordination, control and homeostasis mind map

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Thermoregulation

Coordination: Enzymes need suitable temperature; hypothalamus integrates signals
Skin: Epidermis protects; dermis has vessels, receptors / sweat glands
Too warm: Vasodilation → more surface flow; sweat evaporation removes energy
Too cold: Vasoconstriction reduces heat loss; shivering increases respiration
Feedback: Vessels change diameter, not position; responses oppose change

Kidney processing

Osmoregulation: Dilute: cells swell; concentrated: shrink; control blood water
Routes: Kidneys → ureters → bladder → urethra; blood path separate
Urea: Excess amino acids broken down in liver; urea removed by kidneys
Filtration: Glomerulus → Bowman’s; small molecules pass; cells / proteins stay
Reabsorption: Useful glucose / ions / water returned to blood from filtrate

Water / treatment

ADH · Higher: Low blood water → more ADH → more permeable collecting ducts
Urine · Higher: More ADH: less / concentrated; less ADH: more / dilute urine
Dialysis: Urea diffuses into controlled fluid; cells / proteins retained
Transplant: Continuous function; donor / surgery / rejection / infection risks

Connections

Thermoregulation → Water / treatment: Negative feedback regulates both temperature and water balance.
Kidney processing → Water / treatment: ADH and dialysis affect different stages of kidney-related water / waste control.