SP11 Static electricity mind map

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Charging

Electron transfer: Rubbing suitable insulators transfers electrons, not protons
Signs: Gain electrons → negative; lose → positive; charge conserved
Materials: Insulators localise charge; conductors redistribute mobile charge
Force: Like repel; unlike attract; attraction alone does not prove signs

Induction / fields

Neutral attraction: Near-side charge shifts; closer attraction beats farther repulsion
Test charge: Field direction = force on positive test charge; negative opposite
Point charges: Lines outward from + / inward to −; not physical threads
Parallel plates: Central uniform field: straight equally spaced lines from + to −
Diagram rules: Closer lines: stronger; never cross; arrows / signs, not colour alone
Force context: Field explains non-contact force; sign determines direction

Discharge / uses

Sparks: Large potential difference ionises air; sudden charge transfer
Lightning: Cloud / ground charge separation → discharge through ionised air
Earthing: Conductor to Earth; electrons leave excess or fill deficit
Fuel handling: Bonding / earthing reduce potential differences and spark risk
Spraying: Same-charge droplets repel; target attracts → improved coverage
Evaluate: Exposure / drift / ignition / safety remain relevant

Connections

Charging → Induction / fields: Charge redistribution explains attraction to neutral objects.
Induction / fields → Discharge / uses: Electric fields and charge transfer explain spraying and discharge.