G13 · Part B — UK change, London and sustainability Urban issues and challenges mind map
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UK urban change
Pattern: Industrial/port/transport history explains major urban concentrations
Migration: Skills, culture and business links; also housing/services demand
Jobs / access: Finance/creative/service opportunities; link transport and greening
Land choices: Deprivation/dereliction; brownfield clean-up versus greenfield loss
Sprawl / commuting: Fringe growth supports shops but can raise prices/traffic
London
Importance: Thames/SE England; government, finance, study and global links
Opportunities: Migration supports diverse jobs/culture and integrated transport
Challenges: Housing costs/unequal incomes; fringe pressure and contaminated land
Regeneration
Evaluate: Why change, what improved, who gained; completed work ≠ plans
Stratford: Industrial/rail land cleaned and reused for 2012 Games and legacy
Access / environment: Rail, park paths and green space improve connections/habitats
Affordability: Investment/housing benefits; higher rents can exclude poorer residents
Sustainable cities
Principle: Meet present needs, protect future resources and social fairness
Water / energy: Leaks/meters/rainwater; insulation/efficiency then cleaner supply
Waste / parks: Reduce/reuse before recycle; accessible maintained green space
Transport: Reliable bus/rail, walking/cycling; charges need fair alternatives
BedZED
Place / design: Sutton, completed 2002; mixed uses on previously developed land
Resource savings: Insulation/passive sun, PV, efficient water use and materials
Community / travel: Green shared spaces; walking/cycling, public transport and car club
Evaluate operation: Original CHP replaced; judge actual savings, affordability and scale
Connections
UK urban change → Regeneration: Brownfield reuse can limit countryside loss
London → Sustainable cities: Transport and green space support city living
